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Worse, these arguments have led to misunderstandings of key data, and possibly to a poorer understanding of the phenomenon itself. As we understand it, the evidence base for the GDC, laid out on page 27 of the HSR, is as follows: the number of high-intensity conflicts has declined, and the number of deaths in conflict, as measured by one frequently-used dataset on battle deaths, has also declined.

Therefore, overall conflict intensity has declined. If overall conflict intensity has declined, then wartime sexual violence is also likely to have declined. This argument is largely based on two assumptions: 1 that declines in reported battle deaths the measure of conflict intensity discussed in the HSR represent actual declines in overall conflict deaths, and 2 that conflict intensity is a proxy for sexual violence.

The assertion that conflict-related mortality has declined remains open to debate. The vast majority of research on violence against civilians suggests that repertoires of violence differ between groups, and within groups over time. However, while sexual violence by the Shining Path occurred in some areas, it was by no means as common as sexual violence by state forces.

Recent research has found that several other highly lethal armed actors have effectively prohibited rape against civilians, including the Tamil Tigers the LTTE , the Salvadoran insurgent group FMLN , and some state militaries. On the level of the conflict, as well as the level of the armed group, researchers have not uncovered any straightforward relationship between lethal and sexual violence.

It is not possible to infer a decline in wartime sexual violence from a decline in observed wartime deaths. One of the authors of this post, Dara Kay Cohen, is the first scholar to collect a comprehensive cross-national dataset on wartime rape over a substantial period of time.

From the US State Department Human Rights Country Reports, Cohen coded wartime rape by conflict actors not sexual violence more broadly defined, nor violence by family members for each conflict-actor type-year on a ordinal scale.

Cohen has repeatedly clarified that these codes are based on qualitative descriptions of the nature of the violations. Indeed, this is a strength of the dataset, particularly because comprehensive cross-national data on the number of victims or incidents does not exist.

In reporting summary statistics, Cohen frequently groups categories 2 and 3 together as referring to worryingly high levels of wartime rape. According to the data, during , 44 percent of conflict-years experienced common or massive level 2 or 3 wartime rape. By comparison, during , the data classify only about 16 percent of conflict-years as common or massive level 2 or 3. Clearly, according to these data, the proportion of conflict-years with reports of common or massive wartime rape is increasing.

That the problem is so common highlights the need for a better understanding of its causes. By contrast, in their presentation of the GDC, the HSR authors presented only the changing proportion of country-years classified at the highest severity level 3 and only data from the final ten years of the data collection Andrew Mack has written that the HSR disregarded conflict-years prior to because research suggests that all human rights violations were under-reported during this period.

A better approach would have summarized the data in their entirety, leaving readers to draw their own conclusions about likely levels of under-reporting during the first 20 years of the data collection—and most importantly, would have clarified that there is more than one way to interpret the evidence. Some scholars argue that over-time increases in both number and severity of reported wartime rapes that is, rape is described both more often and in more severe terms over time indicate that rape is, in fact, becoming more frequent and more severe.

Others argue that scholars, practitioners and advocates are simply better at detecting and reporting human rights violations , including wartime rape, in recent years than we were in the past.

But what we can say definitively is that these data show increasing, not decreasing, reports of wartime rape. As shown in the first graph below, the average reported prevalence score increases from 0. Our second graph also shows an overall upward trend between and People who experience an initial outbreak of herpes can have repeated outbreaks, especially if they are infected with HSV Repeat outbreaks are usually shorter and less severe than the first outbreak.

Although the infection stays in the body for the rest of your life, the number of outbreaks may decrease over time.

You should be examined by your doctor if you notice any of these symptoms or if your partner has an STD or symptoms of an STD. STD symptoms can include an unusual sore, a smelly genital discharge, burning when urinating, or for women bleeding between periods. Your healthcare provider may diagnose genital herpes by simply looking at your symptoms.

Providers can also take a sample from the sore s and test it. In certain situations, a blood test may be used to look for herpes antibodies. Have an honest and open talk with your health care provider and ask whether you should be tested for herpes or other STDs. Please note: A herpes blood test can help determine if you have herpes infection.

It cannot tell you who gave you the infection or how long you have been infected. There is no cure for herpes. However, there are medicines that can prevent or shorten outbreaks. One of these anti-herpes medicines can be taken daily, and makes it less likely that you will pass the infection on to your sex partner s. Genital herpes can cause painful genital sores and can be severe in people with suppressed immune systems. If you touch your sores or the fluids from the sores, you may transfer herpes to another part of your body, such as your eyes.

Do not touch the sores or fluids to avoid spreading herpes to another part of your body. If you do touch the sores or fluids, immediately wash your hands thoroughly to help avoid spreading your infection. If you are pregnant, there can be problems for you and your developing fetus, or newborn baby.

How could genital herpes affect my baby? If you have herpes, you should talk to your sex partner s and let him or her know that you do and the risk involved. Compared with those who say they do not know anyone who is Jewish, Americans who know a Jewish person answer about one additional question right, on average 2. There are modest differences in levels of knowledge about the Holocaust based on gender, race and ethnicity, age, and region. For example, men correctly answer 2. In addition, Americans ages 65 and older correctly answer an average of 2.

And U. Politically, Republicans and those who lean toward the Republican Party 2. The four multiple-choice questions about the Holocaust also were included in a recent Pew Research Center survey of U. On average, teens correctly answer slightly fewer questions than U. This may reflect disparities in education. Among adults, those with a college degree correctly answer about one question more than those with a high school degree or less.

Of course, teens between the ages of 13 and 17 have not yet had a chance to pursue post-secondary education. Overall, U. However, one difference between teens and adults is the relationship between gender and Holocaust knowledge. While adult men answer slightly more questions right than women, teen boys and girls correctly answer a similar number of questions about the Holocaust 1.

The Pew Research Center survey is not the first research conducted to assess how much American adults know about the Holocaust. Even though some of the questions asked on the new survey are similar to those asked on previous surveys, these questions were not always asked in the exact same way.

For example, all three surveys included a question asking approximately how many Jews were killed during the Holocaust. The respondents also took the surveys in different ways.

The Pew Research Center survey was administered online on the American Trends Panel, a nationally representative panel of randomly selected U. She delays to answer. Thank you so much for your help.

Do you even have any songs that were written in or earlier? Looking for this very happy pop song sung by a woman. In the song she always ends her verse with "you're the best I ever had" or "I'm the best you ever had" something like that is the best I could make out! Can somebody tell me the name of this song or the author or , It was on the Flash 7x12 when barry was breakdancing and it was a rap song and it started like this ''can you feel the music all night till the early morning''.

Chorus: I don't know why-y-y-y I don't know why-y-y-y I don't know why I know this can't be love I don't know why You're not supposed to be the one. I need help Identifying a song its got a 21 savage like sound in his voice and it sounds kind of similar to knife talk by drake and I think it came out around that time it came out pretty sure its a new song the only lyrics I can think that it has is "rari", Walk it like I talk it", "Bought a House".

Those are the lyrics i believe it contains and its got a similar way of how it is sang like knife talk. And no its not migos Walk it like I talk it. Not sure if it is a 21 savage song couldnt find it but it has a 21 savage way kind of vibe to the song slowish sang mellowy and has that low deep voice like 21 savage.

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It's been stuck in my head for a while now. I heard my dad listening to it. This is an old song maybe early s, sung by a female artist. And it's got many explicit lyrics, talking about sex.

Cardi B's line in Please Me that goes "I'm gonna ride it, do it just how you like it" reminds me of it but I can't place the song!

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Ive been searching for this song for years in vain, lyrics go- I've been low What ive been told you gotta keep your head up If you work hard might make it oit the ghetto. Can someone help? I need your love love Hey your time you know you came to Help me plz. Looking for a song I downloaded from P2P sites about 20 years ago. The MP3 was titled "Follow" by Tool, but no such song exists. The song was Tool-esk and the vocals sound very similar to Maynard James Keenan.

Lyrics I recall: You don't understand and you never will, too You can't understand what I am going through What's not in your hand, It's not in your hand, [Repeat]. It's sung by a woman and from its tone it was probably recorded in the s or s.

These are the lyrics I remember My baby girl, you've got a lot on your mind, don't you tell the world, why you left it all behind, you've got a picture in your suitcase, head intertwined Just to hit it into rewind. I can't find this one song. I know it's by a girl and I only remember some of the words and parts of the song: "You gave me roses, but I'm afraid to hold em', I scared without you Take one step, that's all I need for you to do I know that it plays on Hi I'm looking for the song to an female african american gospel song.

Slow tempo. It's probably over 14 years old. I think it was sung by one of the winans but i can't find the lyrics. I think the chorus goes like this: you're my little baby girl you know you really rock my world and i'm so glad that i've Looking for a song from a Zachary Piona vine in ? I found the song once before because I asked him in a comment, but I have no idea what it was.

Hi I am looking for a song that has the lyrics "gunrange,gunrange,try to stop me im like no way no way.. Hey everyone, been trying to figure out this song for the past 13 - 15 years or so. Now that your sorry for tomorrow. Hi I had a song in a movie grey anatomy season 16 d last episode and it was while Richard was being operated on,pls I really need song it goes like dis All we have is here right now right now is all we have,tanks in advance pls I need d titleof d song.

Hey guys, what is the song called and it goes something like.. I cannot think of the name for my life. I need help with a song and it goes like this "It's all about you, you,you, you, you It's all about yooooouuuuu" then it says "It's like a feeling that you get on the first date" or it says "the first day" I don't really know so plz help me. Hi Guys being searching for the song sang right at the end of nurses season 2 episode 3, because of the talk in the background couldn't get the lyrics clearly.

Am looking for a song I heard on tiktok because I wanna download it. I don't know the full lyrics. That's all I can remember. I was a teen back then and I think the song is about abuse. Looking for a song by netnobody on soundcoud and i cant find the song anymore lyrics i remember are "i feel like i am trying i feel like i am dying i dont want to try anymore". Hello, i'd like to ask for some help.

I have heard a small part of an indie song in a video, and if i have heard it correctly it went something like: "taking your time, fall in line someday".